The Effects of Environmental Stress Salinity on Acacia Seedling Emerge Literature review

The Effects of Environmental Stress Salinity on Acacia Seedling Emerge Literature review The Effects of Environmental Stress Salinity on Acacia Seedling Emergence Species, Threats Posed by the Expansion of the Acacia Vegetation â€" Literature review Example > The paper “ The Effects of Environmental Stress Salinity on Acacia Seedling Emergence Species, Threats Posed by the Expansion of the Acacia Vegetation” is a delightful example of a literature review on environmental studies. Climate change and human activities continue to have an immeasurable impact on the natural vegetation cover in the different parts of the world. The introduction of new crop species and economic-focused agriculture has particularly had a great impact on the Australian vegetation and ecosystem. Such activities pose an unfathomable threat to the natural ecosystems especially the extinction of some indigenous plant species. Vegetation clearance for commercial agriculture can be associated with increasing desertification in not only Australia but also other parts of the world. Agroforestry has emerged as a solution to the need to increase vegetation cover amidst the growing demand for farming land. The concept of agroforestry focuses on mitigating the impact o f vegetation clearance associated with economic farming on climate change. Agroforestry provides options for minimizing the impact of rapidly expanding agricultural systems that not only threaten the existence of the natural vegetation but also climate change (Lefroy Stirzaker, 1999). As such, the agroforestry practice enhances the adaptability and sustainability of agricultural systems. However, the continued expansion of such agricultural systems poses other environmental challenges such as increased soil salinity and the overall sustainability of the Australian environment. Soil salinity forms one of the environmental stress factors which impact negatively on productivity and growth of plants (Australian Government, 2013). According to Thrail, Bever, and Slattery (2008), the continued clearance of deep-rooted perennial plants in Australia has contributed to the increase in dryland salinity, a phenomenon that threatens growth and productivity of other plant species in such areas . This paper explores the adaptability of different Acacia plant species to environmental stress factors such as soil salinity as one of the critical steps in future re-vegetation efforts in South Australia. This would be critical in addressing problems arising from the growing introduction of water-use efficiency plants and the need to ensure expansion and the long-term sustainability of the agriculture industry in Australia. Similar to other plant species, the growth of different acacia species is influenced by several environmental factors such as soil salinity levels, soil Ph, water availability, and soil toxicity. According to Ramoliya and Pandey (2002), previous studies on the adaptability of the different acacia plant species have demonstrated variations in the abundance and diversity of some species in relation to the soil chemistry and other physical environmental factors. The Effects of Environmental Stress Salinity On Acacia Seedling Emergence SpeciesPrevious studies ha ve shown that salinity as an environmental stress factor affects seedling emergence, growth and the survival of the acacia plant. In this case, different acacia plant species have shown diverse seedling emergence, growth, and survival in different soil salinity levels. In a study aimed at investigating the effects of different salinity levels on the seedling emergence of Acacia nilotica species, results revealed a lack of seed emergence in soil with salinity levels above 12.2 ds m-1 (Ramoliya Pandey, 2002). According to Ramoliya and Pandey (2002), further studies have shown a clear association between high soil salinity and retardation of germination and growth of the seedling. At the same time, different plant species have shown variations in their tolerance to salinity levels hence the need to investigate the variations in salts tolerance among the various acacia. Understanding of the salinity tolerance for different acacia plant species emerges as a crucial step in the screeni ng of acacia species for re-vegetation of south-west Australia as well as other areas that continue to face the threat of desertification (Thrall, Bever Slattery, 2008). ReferencesAustralian Government. (2013). Our natural environment.Retrieved fromhttp://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/our-natural-environmentBui, E., Thornhill, A Miller T. (2014). Salt-and alkaline â€"tolerance are linked in Acacia. Biology Letter., 10. Retrieved fromhttp://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/roybiolett/10/7/20140278.full.pdfChapin, F., Sala, O Huber-Sannwald, E. (2001). Global biodiversity in a changing environment: Scenarios for the 21st Century. London: Springer Science Business Media.Craig, G., Bell, DT Atkins, CA. (1990).Response to salt and waterlogging stress of ten taxa of Acacia selected from natural saline areas of Australia. Australian Journal of Botany, 36(6), 619-630.Dell, B., Xu, D Thu, P. (n.d). Managing threats to the health of tree plantations in Asia. Su stainable Ecosystems Research Institute. Retrieved fromhttp://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/35407.pdfLefroy, E Stirzaker, R. (1999). Agroforestry for water management in the cropping zone of southern Australia. Agroforestry Systems 45, 277-302.McCarthy, P., Wilson, A., Orchard, A George, A. (2001). Flora of Australia. Volume 11A, Mimosaceae, Acacia, part 1. New Jersey: CSIRO. Nuberg, I., George, B Reid, R. (2009). Agroforestry for natural resource management. London: Csiro publishing. Ramoliya, P Pandey, A. (2002). Effect of salinization of soil on emergence, growth, and survival of seedlings of Acacia nilotica. Botanica Complutensis, 26, 105-119.Thrall, P., Bever, J Slattery, J. (2008). Rhizobial mediation of Acacia adaptation to soil salinity: Evidence of underlying trade-offs and tests of expected patterns. Journal of Ecology, 96, 746-755. The Effects of Environmental Stress Salinity on Acacia Seedling Emerge Literature review The Effects of Environmental Stress Salinity on Acacia Seedling Emergence Species, Threats Posed by the Expansion of the Acacia Vegetation â€" Literature review Example > The paper “ The Effects of Environmental Stress Salinity on Acacia Seedling Emergence Species, Threats Posed by the Expansion of the Acacia Vegetation” is a delightful example of a literature review on environmental studies. Climate change and human activities continue to have an immeasurable impact on the natural vegetation cover in the different parts of the world. The introduction of new crop species and economic-focused agriculture has particularly had a great impact on the Australian vegetation and ecosystem. Such activities pose an unfathomable threat to the natural ecosystems especially the extinction of some indigenous plant species. Vegetation clearance for commercial agriculture can be associated with increasing desertification in not only Australia but also other parts of the world. Agroforestry has emerged as a solution to the need to increase vegetation cover amidst the growing demand for farming land. The concept of agroforestry focuses on mitigating the impact o f vegetation clearance associated with economic farming on climate change. Agroforestry provides options for minimizing the impact of rapidly expanding agricultural systems that not only threaten the existence of the natural vegetation but also climate change (Lefroy Stirzaker, 1999). As such, the agroforestry practice enhances the adaptability and sustainability of agricultural systems. However, the continued expansion of such agricultural systems poses other environmental challenges such as increased soil salinity and the overall sustainability of the Australian environment. Soil salinity forms one of the environmental stress factors which impact negatively on productivity and growth of plants (Australian Government, 2013). According to Thrail, Bever, and Slattery (2008), the continued clearance of deep-rooted perennial plants in Australia has contributed to the increase in dryland salinity, a phenomenon that threatens growth and productivity of other plant species in such areas . This paper explores the adaptability of different Acacia plant species to environmental stress factors such as soil salinity as one of the critical steps in future re-vegetation efforts in South Australia. This would be critical in addressing problems arising from the growing introduction of water-use efficiency plants and the need to ensure expansion and the long-term sustainability of the agriculture industry in Australia. Similar to other plant species, the growth of different acacia species is influenced by several environmental factors such as soil salinity levels, soil Ph, water availability, and soil toxicity. According to Ramoliya and Pandey (2002), previous studies on the adaptability of the different acacia plant species have demonstrated variations in the abundance and diversity of some species in relation to the soil chemistry and other physical environmental factors. The Effects of Environmental Stress Salinity On Acacia Seedling Emergence SpeciesPrevious studies ha ve shown that salinity as an environmental stress factor affects seedling emergence, growth and the survival of the acacia plant. In this case, different acacia plant species have shown diverse seedling emergence, growth, and survival in different soil salinity levels. In a study aimed at investigating the effects of different salinity levels on the seedling emergence of Acacia nilotica species, results revealed a lack of seed emergence in soil with salinity levels above 12.2 ds m-1 (Ramoliya Pandey, 2002). According to Ramoliya and Pandey (2002), further studies have shown a clear association between high soil salinity and retardation of germination and growth of the seedling. At the same time, different plant species have shown variations in their tolerance to salinity levels hence the need to investigate the variations in salts tolerance among the various acacia. Understanding of the salinity tolerance for different acacia plant species emerges as a crucial step in the screeni ng of acacia species for re-vegetation of south-west Australia as well as other areas that continue to face the threat of desertification (Thrall, Bever Slattery, 2008). ReferencesAustralian Government. (2013). Our natural environment.Retrieved fromhttp://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/our-natural-environmentBui, E., Thornhill, A Miller T. (2014). Salt-and alkaline â€"tolerance are linked in Acacia. Biology Letter., 10. Retrieved fromhttp://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/roybiolett/10/7/20140278.full.pdfChapin, F., Sala, O Huber-Sannwald, E. (2001). Global biodiversity in a changing environment: Scenarios for the 21st Century. London: Springer Science Business Media.Craig, G., Bell, DT Atkins, CA. (1990).Response to salt and waterlogging stress of ten taxa of Acacia selected from natural saline areas of Australia. Australian Journal of Botany, 36(6), 619-630.Dell, B., Xu, D Thu, P. (n.d). Managing threats to the health of tree plantations in Asia. Su stainable Ecosystems Research Institute. Retrieved fromhttp://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/35407.pdfLefroy, E Stirzaker, R. (1999). Agroforestry for water management in the cropping zone of southern Australia. Agroforestry Systems 45, 277-302.McCarthy, P., Wilson, A., Orchard, A George, A. (2001). Flora of Australia. Volume 11A, Mimosaceae, Acacia, part 1. New Jersey: CSIRO. Nuberg, I., George, B Reid, R. (2009). Agroforestry for natural resource management. London: Csiro publishing. Ramoliya, P Pandey, A. (2002). Effect of salinization of soil on emergence, growth, and survival of seedlings of Acacia nilotica. Botanica Complutensis, 26, 105-119.Thrall, P., Bever, J Slattery, J. (2008). Rhizobial mediation of Acacia adaptation to soil salinity: Evidence of underlying trade-offs and tests of expected patterns. Journal of Ecology, 96, 746-755.